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SUMMARY:St. Peter establishes the Church at Antioch (AD 37)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260221T183000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260222T183000Z
UID:262313149091
DESCRIPTION:February 22nd is the commemoration of Establishment of the Hol
 y Apostolic See of Antioch in 37AD by St. Peter the chief of the Holy Apos
 tles\, according to the liturgical calendar of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
 \n\nOur Lord and savior Jesus Christ said to Simon\, "I say also unto thee
 \, That thou art Peter\, and upon this rock I will build my church\; and t
 he gates of hell shall not prevail against it." (Mathew 16:18 KJV) Additio
 nally\, after the Feast of Pentecost it was\, "In Antioch the disciples we
 re first called Christians" (Acts 11:26 KJV) \n\nAccording to ecclesiastic
 al tradition\, the Church of Antioch is the second established Church in C
 hristendom after Jerusalem\, & the prominence of its Apostolic See is well
  documented. \n\n1. Establishment of Holy Throne of Antioch\n\nA. Biblical
  basis:\n\nIt is Christ who established Peter as the chief of the Holy Apo
 stles and caretaker of His Holy Church. In the Gospel of St. John 21:15-17
 \, Christ commands St. Peter to feed His sheep for Him (refer to Syriac Pe
 shito Holy Bible). This is a very important distinction. Christ is the Lor
 d God and Master of both this domain and the heavenly realm. He personally
  entrusts St. Peter to watch over the sheep on his behalf. Christ the good
  shepherd\, has effectively established that St. Peter and his successors 
 have been entrusted to be the caretaker of the Church on Christ's direct b
 ehalf\, something not told to the other Holy Apostles. \n\nMor Moses bar K
 ifo commentating on the Gospel of St. John 21:15-19\, states the lambs are
  shepherds and prelates of the Church and that St. Peter is their chief. H
 e carries on saying that the special role of the Patriarch is as Christ en
 trusted to St. Peter to "strengthen your brethren" (Luke 22:32)\n\nB. Inte
 rpretation of fathers of Christendom \n\nIt is through tradition that Chur
 ch fathers have confirmed the Apostolic Sees of each Holy Apostle. As Orth
 odox Christians we rely on the church fathers to interpret the scripture.\
 n\nThe Holy Apostolic See of Antioch being established by St. Peter is con
 firmed by the following fathers (among many others) and church historians:
 \n\n- Eusebius of Caesarea\n- St. Jerome \n- St. John Chrysostom\n- Pope I
 nnocent of Rome \n- Origen \n\nC. Syriac fathers and Syriac Orthodox Litur
 gy\n\nLikewise the earliest Syriac fathers of the undivided Antiochian Chu
 rch are\n- Aphrahat \n- St. Ephrem \n- Marutha of Maiperkat \n\nThese 3 ea
 rly Syriac fathers attest in their theological poetry and hymns that St. P
 eter is the successor to Christ on earth\, Peter is the chief of the Holy 
 Apostles\, and he is the foundation upon which the Church is built.\n\nAph
 rahat in reference to the Transfiguration (Hido d-Mtalé/Koodara Perunaal)
  says\, "Christ took with him Simon Kepha the foundation of the Church" li
 kewise in reference to repentance Aphrahat speaking about St. Peter states
 \, "Our Lord accepted him and made him a foundation and called him Kepha\,
  the building of the Church". \n\nSt. Ephrem in "Hymns of the Virginity" s
 ays\, "Let us consider what happened to Simon\, thanks to his chastity\; f
 or [Jesus] made him the foundation of the Church and made him hold authori
 ty\, made him the chief of the Apostles and gave him the keys of souls.\n\
 nFrom Syriac Orthodox Liturgy:\n\ni) Sh'himo of Saturday\nQolo of Safro (P
 rabatha Namaskaram)\n\n"On that rock of the house of Simon\, the head of t
 he apostles\, I am built and l am not afraid\, the Church answered and sai
 d\; the waves and tempests beat against me but they do not shake me\; the 
 accursed Nestorius fought against me and received a fall."\n\nii) Sh'himo 
 of Saturday\nQolo is of Thloth sho'in (3 am mani Namaskaram)\n\n"Lovely is
  the word of our Lord which he spoke to Simon\, the head of the apostles\,
  concerning the priesthood: behold\, I have made you the master of the hou
 se and I have given into your hands the keys of the heights\, and the dept
 hs\, that you may bind and loose\; it you bind\, I will bind\, and if you 
 loose\, I will loose\, and if you pray for sinners your prayer shall be he
 ard"\n\niii) A memra of St. Ephrem recited during Holy Week Liturgy descri
 bes  the importance of Peter: “The Simon\, my disciple\, have I set as f
 oundation of the Holy Church\, I called thee Kepha that thou mightest bear
  all buildings. Thou art the overseer (baharo) of those who build for me t
 he Church on earth. If they build anything hateful the foundation restrain
 s them. Thou art the foundation-head of my disciples. By thee I will give 
 drink to all nations thou hast the sweetness of life which I will give I h
 ave given thee keys of my kingdom. Behold. Thou rulest over all my possess
 ion.”\n\niv) The beginning of the Liturgical Calendar of the Syriac Orth
 odox Church is on Qudosh Idto. The Gospel for the morning is from St. Matt
 hew 16:13-23. Additionally\, the special hymn of that day 'Al taryak ito' 
 references St. Peter as the foundation on which the Church is built. "At y
 our doors O Church\, the watchers do stand\, By night and day and guard yo
 u from Satan. Simon the foundation..."\n\nFinally by the year 354AD\, chur
 ch calendars already listed February 22nd as the feast of his throne in An
 tioch.\n\nSt. Peter the chief of the Holy Apostles is firmly established t
 o be Christ's primary successor on earth. The first miracle after the Feas
 t of Pentecost was performed by St. Peter (commemorated on Golden Friday) 
 Accordingly\, the Church fathers affirm that St. Peter established the Hol
 y See in Antioch and such belief is held even today by the Syriac Orthodox
  Church. Likewise\, the earliest Church fathers of the Syriac Orthodox Chu
 rch and also later fathers reaffirm this indisputable belief. The Liturgy 
 of the Syriac Orthodox is full of countless examples\, only a few being me
 ntioned here.\n\nIn the mid of the 5th century\, the Bishop of Antioch\, &
  his counterparts in Alexandria\, & Rome were raised to Patriarchal status
 . The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch used to be known by his name of
  Chrismation\; however\, since 1293 the Patriarchs of Antioch adopted the 
 name Ignatius\, after Mor Ignatius Noorono. The See of Antioch continues t
 o flourish till our day\, with His Holiness Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius A
 phrem II\, being the 123rd in the line of legitimate canonical Patriarchs.
  \n\nThe Apostolic See of Antioch is knows as that of 'All the East' becau
 se the Patriarch of Antioch also had authority over areas outside of the R
 oman Empire. In the Holy Ecumenical Synod of Nicea\, Canon 6 reaffirmed th
 at the Patriarch of Antioch within the Roman Empire had authority on the R
 oman geopolitical 'diocese of the East'. Additionally\, the Antiochian Pat
 riarchate had authority in territories which were outside the privy of the
  Roman Empire\, that is in the Persian Empire & beyond. Therefore\, the Pa
 triarch of Antioch had authority not only in Roman East\, but specifically
  'All the East' of the known world\, whether in Roman territory or not\; a
 nd reaching as far west as the border of Bulgaria. \n\nWords of Paulose Ma
 r Gregorios (modern day scholar and theologian): Ref. Shema Vartha\, 1968 
 October: "We in India belong to this Patriarchate even if we have our own 
 Catholicose and are autonomous [not autocephalous]. We have no other sourc
 e from which to receive our ancient tradition - except the tradition of An
 tioch\, of the great Syrian Church which once had spread through the lengt
 h and breadth of Asia right up to China and Korea"\n\nThe Patriarchate was
  forced to move from Antioch in ca. AD 518 after a period of turbulent his
 tory\, to various locations in the Near East until it settled in the saffr
 on monastery Dayro d-Mor Hananya (Kurkmo Dayro\, Deir az-Za’faran–Syri
 ac and Arabic respectively) in Mardin Turkey\, during the 13th century. Af
 ter another period of heinous violence during & after World War I\, which 
 took the lives of more than half a million Syriac Orthodox faithful (Sayfo
  the Syriac Genocide)\, the patriarchate was transferred to Homs\, Syria\,
  in 1933\, then later to Damascus in 1957. The Syriac Orthodox Church is t
 he mother of all the churches.\n\nLet us all pray for His Holiness the Sup
 reme Pontiff Moran Mor Ignatius Aphrem II\, Patriarch of Antioch and all t
 he East and the Supreme Head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church. Tihe
  Moran Paṭriarḵo! Tihe Idto Suryoyto!
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