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BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Brackenrdige Fire Brackenridge\, PA (1991)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251220T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251221T050000Z
UID:110300345846
DESCRIPTION:Four volunteer firefighters died when they were trapped by a p
 artial floor collapse during a structure fire in Brackenridge\, Pennsylvan
 ia\, on the morning of December 20\, 1991. All four were members of a mutu
 al aid truck company that had responded to the early morning incident and 
 were assigned to prevent fire extension from the basement to the ground fl
 oor of a 2-story building. Although they were wearing full protective clot
 hing and using self-contained breathing apparatus\, it appears that they w
 ere overwhelmed by the severe fire conditions that erupted when a section 
 of the ground floor collapsed into the basement. The collapse cut off thei
 r primary escape path\, and the fire burned through their hose line\, leav
 ing them without protection from the flames. \nSUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES\n•S
 ituation: Fire in enclosed room in basement. Unable to locate fire because
  of smoke. Smoke and heat increasing\, but no visible fire.\n•Structure:
  Appeared to be heavy concrete construction. Actually thin concrete floors
  supported by unprotected steel.\n•Contents: Furniture refinishing busin
 ess. Quantities of flammable finishes and solvents in basement.\n•Exits:
  One entrance/ exit on each level\; no alternate exits.\n•Structural Col
 lapse: Floor section collapsed between interior crew and their only exit. 
 Fire overwhelmed crew.\n•Rescue Attempts: Valiant rescue efforts proved 
 unsuccessful. Unsure if missing members fell into basement or were trapped
  on ground floor.\n•Incident Command: No formal command system or person
 nel accountability in place. Chief of first-due company in command of inci
 dent\; Assistant Chiefs assigned to basement and ground floor.\n•Informa
 tion: No pre-fire plan and no detailed knowledge of occupancy. Clues of st
 ructural danger not recognized as fire conditions increased\n•Communicat
 ions: Radio system inadequate for current needs.\n•Response: Independent
  volunteer companies. Mutual aid requested on arrival and additional compa
 nies called in succession.\n•Weather: Extremely cold night\, predawn hou
 rs. Problems with frozen hydrants.\n•Water System: Weak supply. Extensiv
 e mutual aid and long relays needed to protect exposures.\nThe analysis of
  this incident provides several valuable lessons for the fire service. Unf
 ortunately these are all revisited lessons\, not new discoveries. These fi
 refighters died in the line of duty\, while conducting operations that app
 eared to be routine\, and were unaware of the situation that was developin
 g below them. They died in spite of the fact that they were experienced\, 
 they were operating with a standard approach to operational safety\, and t
 hey were the object of repeated rescue attempts by highly capable comrades
 .\n
LOCATION:
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