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SUMMARY:Triangle Shirtwaist Fire NY\, NY (1911)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260325T040000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260326T040000Z
UID:224926370789
DESCRIPTION:The Triangle factory\, owned by Max Blanck and Isaac Harris\, 
 was located in the top three floors of the Asch Building\, on the corner o
 f Greene Street and Washington Place\, in Manhattan. It was a true sweatsh
 op\, employing young immigrant women who worked in a cramped space at line
 s of sewing machines. Nearly all the workers were teenaged girls who did n
 ot speak English\, working 12 hours a day\, every day. In 1911\, there wer
 e four elevators with access to the factory floors\, but only one was full
 y operational and the workers had to file down a long\, narrow corridor in
  order to reach it. There were two stairways down to the street\, but one 
 was locked from the outside to prevent stealing and the other only opened 
 inward. The fire escape was so narrow that it would have taken hours for a
 ll the workers to use it\, even in the best of circumstances.\nThe danger 
 of fire in factories like the Triangle Shirtwaist was well-known\, but hig
 h levels of corruption in both the garment industry and city government ge
 nerally ensured that no useful precautions were taken to prevent fires. Bl
 anck and Harris already had a suspicious history of factory fires. The Tri
 angle factory was twice scorched in 1902\, while their Diamond Waist Compa
 ny factory burned twice\, in 1907 and in 1910. It seems that Blanck and Ha
 rris deliberately torched their workplaces before business hours in order 
 to collect on the large fire-insurance policies they purchased\, a not unc
 ommon practice in the early 20th century. While this was not the cause of 
 the 1911 fire\, it contributed to the tragedy\, as Blanck and Harris refus
 ed to install sprinkler systems and take other safety measures in case the
 y needed to burn down their shops again.\nAdded to this delinquency were B
 lanck and Harris' notorious anti-worker policies. Their employees were pai
 d a mere $15 a week\, despite working 12 hours a day\, every day. When the
  International Ladies Garment Workers Union led a strike in 1909 demanding
  higher pay and shorter and more predictable hours\, Blanck and Harris' co
 mpany was one of the few manufacturers who resisted\, hiring police as thu
 gs to imprison the striking women\, and paying off politicians to look the
  other way.\nOn March 25\, a Saturday afternoon\, there were 600 workers a
 t the factory when a fire began in a rag bin. The manager attempted to use
  the fire hose to extinguish it\, but was unsuccessful\, as the hose was r
 otted and its valve was rusted shut. As the fire grew\, panic ensued. The 
 young workers tried to exit the building by the elevator but it could hold
  only 12 people and the operator was able to make just four trips back and
  forth before it broke down amid the heat and flames. In a desperate attem
 pt to escape the fire\, the girls left behind waiting for the elevator plu
 nged down the shaft to their deaths. The girls who fled via the stairwells
  also met awful demises–when they found a locked door at the bottom of t
 he stairs\, many were burned alive.\nThose workers who were on floors abov
 e the fire\, including the owners\, escaped to the roof and then to adjoin
 ing buildings. As firefighters arrived\, they witnessed a horrible scene. 
 The girls who did not make it to the stairwells or the elevator were trapp
 ed by the fire inside the factory and began to jump from the windows to es
 cape it. The bodies of the jumpers fell on the fire hoses\, making it diff
 icult to begin fighting the fire. Also\, the firefighters ladders reached 
 only seven floors high and the fire was on the eighth floor. In one case\,
  a life net was unfurled to catch jumpers\, but three girls jumped at the 
 same time\, ripping the net. The nets turned out to be mostly ineffectual.
 \nWithin 18 minutes\, it was all over. Forty-nine workers had burned to de
 ath or been suffocated by smoke\, 36 were dead in the elevator shaft and 5
 8 died from jumping to the sidewalks. With two more dying later from their
  injuries\, a total of 145 people were killed by the fire. The workers uni
 on set up a march on April 5 on New York's Fifth Avenue to protest the con
 ditions that had led to the fire\; it was attended by 80\,000 people.\nDes
 pite a good deal of evidence that the owners and management had been horri
 bly negligent in the fire\, a grand jury failed to indict them on manslaug
 hter charges. Still\, the massacre for which they were responsible did fin
 ally compel the city to enact reform. In addition to the Sullivan-Hoey Fir
 e Prevention Law passed that October\, the New York Democratic set took up
  the cause of the worker and became known as a reform party. Both were cru
 cial in preventing similar disasters in the future.\n\nhttp://www.youtube.
 com/watch?v=gKdMuVu1wi8\n
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