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BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Our Lady of the Angels School Fire\, Chicago IL (1958)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251201T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251202T050000Z
UID:856390882918
DESCRIPTION:The Our Lady of the Angels School Fire broke out shortly befor
 e classes were to be dismissed on December 1\, 1958\, at the foot of a sta
 irway in the Our Lady of the Angels School in Chicago\, Illinois. A total 
 of 92 pupils and 3 nuns lost their lives when smoke\, heat\, and fire cut 
 off their normal means of escape through corridors and stairways. Many mor
 e were injured when they jumped from second-floor windows (which were as h
 igh as a third floor would be on level ground).\nMore information about th
 is fire can be found at:\nhttp://www.olafire.com/\n\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Worcester Cold Storage Fire\, Worcester MA (1999)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251203T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251204T050000Z
UID:806311435280
DESCRIPTION:Worcester Cold Storage Fire\, Worcester MA (1999)-The Worceste
 r Cold Storage Warehouse fire was a fire that began on December 3\, 1999\,
  in Worcester\, Massachusetts. It started when two homeless and mentally d
 isabled people\, Thomas Levesque and Julie Ann Barnes\, who were living in
 side the warehouse\, knocked over a candle after an argument earlier in th
 e afternoon. Both fled without reporting the fire to emergency services.[1
 ] The structure was located five blocks east of the Worcester central busi
 ness district\, near the Union Station train station and adjacent to Inter
 state highway 290. The fire would eventually grow to five-alarm status and
  rage for six days before being brought under control. Firefighting compan
 ies from the city and from neighboring towns were called to respond. Six W
 orcester firefighters died in the fire.\nReports that homeless people were
  possibly inside the engulfed warehouse caused fire-rescue personnel to se
 arch the six-story building. The searchers' task was made extremely diffic
 ult by the large size of the building's interior\, the layout which was a 
 maze of corridors and meat lockers\, many with identical flush-handle door
 s\, and the highly flammable composition of its insulation.[1] Nearly a ce
 ntury old\, the interior walls had been progressively covered with various
  forms of insulating materials\, including cork impregnated with tar\, pol
 ystyrene foam\, and polyurethane foam\, to a thickness of 18 inches. Once 
 ignited\, the large amount of fuel\, fed initially by the large volume of 
 air in the building\, became virtually inextinguishable.\nThe six-story bu
 ilding's exterior walls were constructed of approximately 18 inches of bri
 ck and mortar\, with no windows above the second floor.[1] The lack of ava
 ilable windows prevented firefighting personnel from making an accurate in
 itial assessment of the fire. Initial breaching of lower-floor doors\, com
 bined with venting the building by smashing an elevator-shaft roof skyligh
 t\, effectively turned the building into a huge chimney. With the fire rap
 idly accelerating out of control\, rescue teams facing near-zero visibilit
 y became lost with available breathing air depleted. Despite repeated radi
 o calls for help\, along with activation of audible location alarms\, six 
 firefighters\, who have since become known as the Worcester 6\, perished i
 n the blaze.[2] It took eight days to find and recover the remains of the 
 six men.[1]\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvEGV8NveHo\n\nhttp://www.u
 sfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-134.pdf\n\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Brooklyn Theater Fire\, Brooklyn NY (1846)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251205T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251206T050000Z
UID:105591878117
DESCRIPTION:A fire at the Brooklyn Theater in New York kills nearly 300 pe
 ople and injures hundreds more on this day in 1876. Some victims perished 
 from a combination of burns and smoke inhalation\; others were trampled to
  death in the general panic that ensued.\nThe play The Two Orphans starrin
 g Harry S. Murdock and Kate Claxton was showing at the Brooklyn Theater on
  the night of December 5. The theater\, built five years earlier at the co
 rner of Johnson and Washington streets\, was very popular at the time and 
 all 900 seats were filled. Sometime near the start of the performance\, a 
 gas light ignited some extra scenery stored in the fly space behind the st
 age. It wasn't until midway through the play that stagehands noticed the q
 uickly spreading flames. Unfortunately\, there were no fire hoses or water
  buckets at hand and the fire spread\, unbeknownst to the cast and audienc
 e.\nFinally\, someone shouted "FIRE" and despite Murdock's best attempt to
  calm the crowd\, bedlam ensued\, particularly in the balcony and rear of 
 the theater. A narrow staircase was the only the exit from the balcony (th
 ere were no fire escapes) and panic resulted in a stampede in which many w
 ere crushed and others remained trapped. Meanwhile\, the fire grew out of 
 control. Witnesses saw Murdock return to the dressing room to change cloth
 es\; he then tried to wiggle out of a small window. He couldn't get throug
 h\, and died when the floor gave way and he fell to the basement.\nBy the 
 time firefighters arrived it was too late for hundreds of people. The fire
  raged through the night and destroyed nearly the entire building. When wo
 uld-be rescuers were finally able to get in\, all they found were bodies m
 elted together. Up to 100 of the victims were burned beyond recognition an
 d could not be identified. A mass grave was set up at the Green-Wood Cemet
 ery. In all\, approximately 295 people died. A 30-foot-high granite memori
 al was later erected in their honor by the city of Brooklyn.\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Winecoff Hotel Fire\, Atlanta GA (1946)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251207T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251208T050000Z
UID:327208088726
DESCRIPTION:The Winecoff Hotel fire of December 7\, 1946 was the deadliest
  hotel fire in United States history\, killing 119 hotel occupants\, inclu
 ding the hotel's owners. Located at 176 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlan
 ta\, Georgia\, USA\, the Winecoff Hotel was advertised as "absolutely fire
 proof." While the hotel's steel structure was indeed protected against the
  effects of fire\, the hotel's interior finishes were combustible\, and th
 e building's exit arrangements consisted of a single stairway serving all 
 fifteen floors. All of the hotel's occupants above the fire's origin on th
 e third floor were trapped\, and the fire's survivors either were rescued 
 from upper-story windows or jumped into nets held by firemen. The fire was
  notable for the number of victims who jumped to their deaths. The fire\, 
 which followed the June 5\, 1946 La Salle Hotel fire in Chicago with 61 fa
 talities\, and the June 19\, 1946 Canfield Hotel fire in Dubuque\, Iowa wi
 th 19 fatalities\, spurred significant changes in building codes\, most si
 gnificantly requiring multiple protected means of egress and self-closing 
 fire-resistive doors for guest rooms in hotels.\n\nhttp://www.winecoffhote
 lfire.com/\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Vandalia Ave\, New York\, New York (1998)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251218T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251219T050000Z
UID:188916008831
DESCRIPTION:Vandalia Ave\, New York\, New York (1998)-Three FDNY Firefight
 ers died in-the line of duty while conducting suppression and rescue opera
 tions at fire on the tenth floor of 10-story high-rise apartment building 
 for the elderly. At 0454 hours Brooklyn transmitted box 4080 for a top flo
 or fire at 17 Vandalia Avenue in the Starrett City development complex. Th
 e sprawling complex is located on Brooklyn’s south shore in the Spring C
 reek section. The 10 story 50 x 200 fireproof building is used as a senior
  citizen’s residence. Engine 257 and ladder 170\, both quartered in Cana
 rsie\, were assigned 1st due and arrived within 4 minutes. By that time th
 e fire already could be seen blowing through two windows. Second and 3rd a
 larms were quickly transmitted.  As the 1st due Ladder Company\, L170′s 
 duty is to search the fire floor. Lieutenant Joseph Cavalieri\, and fire f
 ighters Christopher Bopp and James Bohan ascended 10 flights of stairs wit
 h extinguishers and forcible entry tools. Their mission was to rescue the 
 resident of apartment 10-D who was believed trapped inside.  This wind-dri
 ven fire event and the lessons-learned contributed directly to the current
  body of research and new insights on emerging strategies and tactics.\n\n
 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face9901.html\n\nhttp://commandsafet
 y.com/2009/12/fdny-brooklyn-box-4080-17-vandalia-avenue-12-18-98/\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Pioneer International Hotel Fire (1970)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251220T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251221T050000Z
UID:188216924963
DESCRIPTION:After midnight\, on December 20\, 1970\, a possible car fire w
 as reported near the Pioneer. Minutes later\, a fire was confirmed\, howev
 er\, not a car fire\, but a fire inside the Pioneer Hotel.  28 fatalities 
 occurred from people trapped on the 6th through 11th floors.  Of 28 victim
 s\, carbon monoxide poisoning took 16 lives\, burns claimed 7\, and smoke 
 inhalation was responsible for 1 death. “Fall” was responsible for the
  death of 4 victims.  Fire Investigators found that the fire was ignited b
 y an arsonist in at least two separate locations on the fourth floor.  Tho
 ugh the hotel was touted as fireproof\, several factors contributed to thi
 s fire: Open stairways\, synthetic carpeting\, vinyl wall coverin\, painte
 d doors and frames.  The hotel also had no sprinklers or smoke detectors. 
  As a direct result of this tragedy in Tucson\, uniform fire codes were es
 tablished nationally.\n\nhttp://tucsoncitizen.com/paranormal/2010/12/18/pi
 oneer-international-hotel-fire-forty-year-old-tragedy-still-haunts-tucson/
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Brackenrdige Fire Brackenridge\, PA (1991)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251220T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251221T050000Z
UID:110300345846
DESCRIPTION:Four volunteer firefighters died when they were trapped by a p
 artial floor collapse during a structure fire in Brackenridge\, Pennsylvan
 ia\, on the morning of December 20\, 1991. All four were members of a mutu
 al aid truck company that had responded to the early morning incident and 
 were assigned to prevent fire extension from the basement to the ground fl
 oor of a 2-story building. Although they were wearing full protective clot
 hing and using self-contained breathing apparatus\, it appears that they w
 ere overwhelmed by the severe fire conditions that erupted when a section 
 of the ground floor collapsed into the basement. The collapse cut off thei
 r primary escape path\, and the fire burned through their hose line\, leav
 ing them without protection from the flames. \nSUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES\n•S
 ituation: Fire in enclosed room in basement. Unable to locate fire because
  of smoke. Smoke and heat increasing\, but no visible fire.\n•Structure:
  Appeared to be heavy concrete construction. Actually thin concrete floors
  supported by unprotected steel.\n•Contents: Furniture refinishing busin
 ess. Quantities of flammable finishes and solvents in basement.\n•Exits:
  One entrance/ exit on each level\; no alternate exits.\n•Structural Col
 lapse: Floor section collapsed between interior crew and their only exit. 
 Fire overwhelmed crew.\n•Rescue Attempts: Valiant rescue efforts proved 
 unsuccessful. Unsure if missing members fell into basement or were trapped
  on ground floor.\n•Incident Command: No formal command system or person
 nel accountability in place. Chief of first-due company in command of inci
 dent\; Assistant Chiefs assigned to basement and ground floor.\n•Informa
 tion: No pre-fire plan and no detailed knowledge of occupancy. Clues of st
 ructural danger not recognized as fire conditions increased\n•Communicat
 ions: Radio system inadequate for current needs.\n•Response: Independent
  volunteer companies. Mutual aid requested on arrival and additional compa
 nies called in succession.\n•Weather: Extremely cold night\, predawn hou
 rs. Problems with frozen hydrants.\n•Water System: Weak supply. Extensiv
 e mutual aid and long relays needed to protect exposures.\nThe analysis of
  this incident provides several valuable lessons for the fire service. Unf
 ortunately these are all revisited lessons\, not new discoveries. These fi
 refighters died in the line of duty\, while conducting operations that app
 eared to be routine\, and were unaware of the situation that was developin
 g below them. They died in spite of the fact that they were experienced\, 
 they were operating with a standard approach to operational safety\, and t
 hey were the object of repeated rescue attempts by highly capable comrades
 .\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keokuk Fire\, Keokuk\, IA
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251222T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251223T050000Z
UID:889199741898
DESCRIPTION:Wednesday\, December 22\, 1999\, a fire was reported in a mult
 ifamily dwelling in Keokuk\, Iowa. Several neighbors phoned the Keokuk 911
  center to report smoke coming from a residence\, and that a woman was out
 side screaming that there were children trapped inside.\n\nAssistant Fire 
 Chief Dave McNally\, 48\, Firefighter Jason Bitting\, 29\, and Firefighter
  Nate Tuck\, 39 were killed while attempting the rescue of 3 trapped kids 
 in that fire-who also perished. The 3 Firefighters left 8 kids of their ow
 n behind. The Firefighters died when a flashover occurred while the 3 were
  doing their search. The fire started in the kitchen of an old wooden two-
 story b/f home that had been converted into apartments. Staffing is a majo
 r issue in Keokuk\, and that morning\, 4 of the 5 total (+ the Chief) on d
 uty firefighters arrived on scene with heavy smoke showing\, and upon hear
 ing the mother screaming that her children were trapped inside\, they imme
 diately and understandably went in after them.When "Mom" screams that her 
 kids are inside-we go in. \n\nThe 3 were inside\, (the Asst Chief and 2 FF
 /pump operators) a Lt. was on the hydrant-couldn't see the building and on
 e Firefighter was on side "A"... starting to pack up\, to back the interio
 r members up. The Chief made the terribly difficult decision to leave the 
 scene for 3 minutes to personally transport a non-breathing rescued child-
 -there were no other resources available... none. The hospital was a minut
 e away. When he returned\, the flashover had already occurred with only th
 e Lt. and the one Firefighter left outside. A/C Dave McNally\, FF Jason Bi
 tting\, and FF Nate Tuck perished in that duplex. R.I.P\n\nhttp://www.cdc.
 gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200004.html\n\nhttp://www.firefighterclosecalls
 .com/news/fullstory/newsid/122775\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Stockyard Cold Storage Fire\, Chicago IL (1910)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251222T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251223T050000Z
UID:938244372744
DESCRIPTION:In 1910\, Chicago’s Union Stockyards and Transit Company was
  one of the world’s largest centers of industry. The 450-acre site conta
 ined thousands of wooden animal pens\, barns\, haylofts\, slaughterhouses\
 , packing plants\, and warehouses owned and operated by more than 100 sepa
 rate meatpacking businesses. The Union Stockyards\, famously documented in
  Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle\, established Chicago as the “Hog Butcher
  to the World\,” but the site was also home to the worst fire service di
 saster in Illinois history. \nAt 4 AM on December 22\, 1910\, a night watc
 hman reported a fire in the basement of a six-story cold storage building 
 operated by the Nelson Morris Company. The refrigerated warehouse was a pa
 rticularly dangerous fire hazard as the interior walls and floors were woo
 den and soaked in animal fat and grease. Furthermore\, the warehouse conta
 ined hundreds of cured hogs that were preserved with saltpeter\, one of th
 e main ingredients in gunpowder. Although Chicago firefighters responded w
 ithin minutes from the two stockyard firehouses and from elsewhere in the 
 city\, any hope of dousing the fire before it spread to the rest of the bu
 ilding was lost when the firefighters discovered that the nearby fire hydr
 ants had been shut off to prevent freezing. The warehouse was engulfed in 
 flames by the time firefighters located and activated the water valves tha
 t fed the fire hydrants. \nNumerous physical obstacles further restricted 
 the fire fighting efforts\, as railway cars\, brick walls\, and other ware
 houses closely surrounded the cold storage building. These obstructions ma
 de it impossible to set up ladders and\, as a result\, the firefighters we
 re unable to reach the warehouse’s upper floor windows to open the iron 
 shutters and release the pressure that was building up inside. The heat fr
 om the fire caused the cold air inside the refrigerated warehouse to expan
 d at a dangerous rate and\, at about 5 AM\, the pressure inside the buildi
 ng produced a massive explosion. Chief Fire Marshal James Horan had just a
 rrived and was directing operations from the building’s loading dock whe
 n the explosion occurred. An entire six-story wall collapsed on the loadin
 g dock\, killing Horan\, 2nd Assistant Chief Fire Marshal William Burrough
 s\, three captains\, four lieutenants\, and twelve other firefighters. \nF
 ire fighting efforts were severely complicated by the explosion\, not only
  because the command structure was decimated\, but also because the blast 
 had \nset a nearby seven-story lard house on fire. Moreover\, department p
 ersonnel were diverted to try to rescue the firefighters buried by the col
 lapsed wall. First Assistant Chief Charles Seyferlich\, now in command\, c
 alled in several special alarms\, bringing more than 50 engine companies a
 nd hundreds of off- duty firefighters to the scene. Fire fighting operatio
 ns lasted for more than 24 hours before the blaze was completely extinguis
 hed and the last bodies were recovered from the rubble. With 21 firefighte
 rs killed\, the Union Stockyard Fire ranks behind the 9-11 Terrorist Attac
 ks and the 1947 Texas City Disaster as the third largest loss of firefight
 ers in a single event in U.S. history. \n\nhttp://my.firefighternation.com
 /profiles/blogs/paying-tribute-the-100th\n\n
LOCATION:
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR